The association between reflective function and global functionality in patients with borderline personality disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between reflective function and global functionality in borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients, controlling for symptomatology and defensive style. METHOD: Thirty-nine female inpatients were evaluated employing a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for Personality Disorders-II (SCID-II), the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), the Defence Style Questionnaire-40 (DSQ-40) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). RESULTS: Functionality was inversely associated with the reflective function uncertainty score (-.458; p < .01) and neurotic defences (-.335; p < .05). Symptom severity (SRQ-20) was associated with the use of immature defences (-.445; p < .01). The association between functionality and the reflective function uncertainty score remained significant, even when controlled for symptoms and defensive style (p = .002). CONCLUSION: The ability to mentalise seems to play a central and somehow independent role in BPD psychopathology.

Epidemiologia dos acidentes por Thalassophryne nattereri (niquim) no Estado do Ceará (1992-2002) / Epidemiology of the injuries caused by Thalassophryne nattereri (niquim) in Ceara State (1992-2002)

No Estado do Ceará (1992 a 2002), 16 casos de envenenamento com o Thalassophyne nattereri ocorreram no litoral, a maioria (87,5 por cento) em praias de Fortaleza e 12,5 por cento do interior. Noventa e quatro por cento eram do sexo masculino e 6 por cento feminino. Com relacão à idade, 75 por cento estavam na faixa etária de 21 a 40 anos, 19 por cento entre 41 e 60 anos e 6 por cento entre 1 a 10 anos. O tempo de exposicão foi de 1 a 5 horas (4), 6 a 12 (3), mais de 12 horas (4), 5 pacientes não informaram o tempo decorrido entre o acidente e o atendimento. Manifestacões clínicas observadas foram dor, edema local, isquemia transitória, parestesia, equimose e sensacão de queimacão local. O tratamento consistiu de antiinflamatórios e analgésicos. Em alguns casos, foram usados anestésicos, água morna, debridamento cirúrgico e anti-histamínicos. Em 75 por cento dos casos, observou-se cura confirmada e em 12 por cento a cura não foi confirmada, em dois a evolucão foi ignorada. Provavelmente, o número de acidentes ocorridos é maior do que o encontrado devido a subnotificacão.

Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure after strenuous exercise and alcohol abuse: case report and literature review.

CONTEXT: Rhabdomyolysis is a severe and life-threatening condition in which skeletal muscle is damaged. Acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis has been widely described and its main pathophysiological mechanisms are renal vasoconstriction, intraluminal cast formation and direct myoglobin toxicity. OBJECTIVE: To report on a case of acute renal failure (ARF) induced by rhabdomyolysis due to strenuous exercise and alcohol abuse and to describe the pathophysiology of this type of ARF. CASE REPORT: A 39-year-old man arrived at the hospital emergency service with swollen legs and lower extremity compartment syndrome. He was oliguric and had serum creatinine and urea levels of 8.1 mg/dl and 195 mg/dl, respectively. The diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis was made through clinical and laboratory findings (creatine kinase activity of 26320 IU/l). The initial treatment consisted of fluid replacement and forced diuresis. The specific treatment for compartment syndrome, such as fasciotomy, was avoided in order to prevent infection. Partial recovery of renal function was recorded, after ten hemodialysis sessions. Complete recovery was observed after two months of follow-up.

Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure after strenuous exercise and alcohol abuse: case report and literature review

CONTEXTO: Rabdomiólise é uma condição clínica severa e ameaçadora à vida, em que ocorre destruição de músculo esquelético. Insuficiência renal aguda por rabdomiólise já foi bem descrita, sendo os principais mecanismos fisiopatológicos vasoconstrição renal, formação de depósitos intratubulares e toxicidade direta da mioglobina. TIPO DE ESTUDO: Relato de caso e revisão da literatura. OBJETIVO: Relatar um caso de insuficiência renal aguda (IRA) induzida por rabdomiólise devida a exercícios físicos intensos e uso abusivo de álcool e descrever os principais mecanismos fisiopatológicos deste tipo de IRA. RELATO DE CASO: Homem de 39 anos foi admitido na emergência com edema e síndrome compartimental em membros inferiores. Ele estava oligúrico, e os níveis séricos de creatinina e uréia eram de 8,1mg/dl e 195mg/dl, respectivamente. O diagnóstico de rabdomiólise foi obtido através dos dados da história clínica e dos exames laboratoriais (creatinoquinase de 26320 UI/l). O tratamento inicial consistiu em reposição volêmica e diurese forçada. Tratamento específico para síndrome compartimental, como fasciotomia, não foi realizado para que se evitasse a ocorrência de infecções. Recuperação parcial da função renal foi observada após 10 sessões de hemodiálise. Recuperação completa ocorreu após dois meses de acompanhamento.

[Epidemiology of the injuries caused by Thalassophryne nattereri (niquim) in Ceará State (1992-2002)]. / Epidemiologia dos acidentes por Thalassophryne nattereri (niquim) no Estado do Ceará (1992-2002).

In Ceará State (1992 to 2002) 16 cases of envenomation by Thalassophryne nattereri occurred in the seaside of Ceará, 87.5% of cases in the region of Fortaleza and 12.5% in the interior of Ceará State. Ninety four percent were men and 6% women. Age range: 75% between 21 and 40 years and 19% between 41 and 60 years old. The time between medical assistance and the accident varied from 1 to 5 hours (4 cases), 6 to 12 hours (3 cases), over 12 hours in 4 cases and 5 patients did not know. Clinical manifestations observed were pain, local edema, transitory ischemia, paresthesia, ecchymosis and burned skin sensation. Anti inflammatory and analgesic drugs were used. In some cases, anesthetic, hot water, surgical peeling and anti-histaminic drugs were used. In 75% of cases cure was confirmed and in 12% cure was not confirmed. The number of accidents is probably higher than was found due to subnotification.

Acute renal failure after massive honeybee stings.

Two clinical cases of patients who survived after numerous attacks of Africanized bees (600 and 1500 bee stings, respectively) are reported. Clinical manifestation was characterized by diffuse and widespread edema, a burning sensation in the skin, headache, weakness, dizziness, generalized paresthesia, somnolence and hypotension. Acute renal failure developed and was attributed to hypotension, intravascular hemolysis, myoglobinuria due to rhabdomyolysis and probably to direct toxic effect of the massive quantity of injected venom. They were treated with antihistaminic, corticosteroids and fluid infusion. One of them had severe acute renal failure and dialysis was required. No clinical complication was observed during hospital stay and complete renal function recovery was observed in both patients. In conclusion, acute renal failure after bee stings is probably due to pigment nephropathy associated with hypovolemia. Early recognition of this syndrome is crucial to the successful management of these patients.

Acute renal failure after massive honeybee stings

Two clinical cases of patients who survived after numerous attacks of Africanized bees (600 and 1500 bee stings, respectively) are reported. Clinical manifestation was characterized by diffuse and widespread edema, a burning sensation in the skin, headache, weakness, dizziness, generalized paresthesia, somnolence and hypotension. Acute renal failure developed and was attributed to hypotension, intravascular hemolysis, myoglobinuria due to rhabdomyolysis and probably to direct toxic effect of the massive quantity of injected venom. They were treated with antihistaminic, corticosteroids and fluid infusion. One of them had severe acute renal failure and dialysis was required. No clinical complication was observed during hospital stay and complete renal function recovery was observed in both patients. In conclusion, acute renal failure after bee stings is probably due to pigment nephropathy associated with hypovolemia. Early recognition of this syndrome is crucial to the successful management of these patients